The population of the Middle Ages were mostly catholic Christians, which means that the Roman Catholic Church had a theocratic power amongst the populations. In the renaissance however, a lot of people transferred to Protestant or secularism, which meant that educations and arts no longer follow the regulations of the Roman Catholic Church.
Another change is the system. As the renaissance came, serfdom became less and less common as enlightened humanists challenged the ideals that were laid to forbidden peasants from having quality lives. This was not the case in medieval Europe as landlords were often given the full control of serfs and labourers.
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