Question

That is a prerequisite (requirement) for counter-current exchange to function? Select all that apply. Select one or more:

a. tidal flow of external medium (air or water)
b. unidirectional flow of the outside medium (air or water)
c. concurrent flow of blood in capillary beds and external oxygenated medium (water or air)
d. bulk flow (mass flow) of blood and external medium (air or water)
e. gills
f. respiratory pigments in blood

Answer 1

d

Step-by-step explanation:

only requirement is the bulk movement of blood and air or water, everything else is structural

Answer 2

D, E, and F

Step-by-step explanation:

The requirements for counter current exchange are gills, bulk flow of blood and water and air and the blood pigment. Also, the fluids should flow in close proximity and flow in the opposite directions.