In response to the critique that some of the accounts of her book On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City are inconsistent, Alice Goffman claims that she was protecting her research subjects by omitting details that could identify them. Goffman argues that her actions were ethical because1. they involved deception.2. they ensured her subjects' confidentiality.3. she did not commit any crimes.4. she was exempt from having to get approval from an institutional review board.