After the start of Maoist conflict there is popular belief that caste and ethnicity-based discrimination, oppression and social exclusion are the reasons for conflict in Nepal. The thought under current is that such exclusion can be addressed only through the change in political system.
It ended with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Accord on 21 November 2006. The conflict was characterized by summary executions, massacres, purges, kidnappings and other war crimes and crimes against humanity.