African-American soldiers noted the irony and hypocrisy of fighting for freedom and democracy in Europe when they could not enjoy those same privileges in their own country. This sentiment led to the Double V campaign which worked to end discrimination at home and ensure democracy abroad. At home this movement was maintained by discrimination in the defense industries and labor unions; racist housing practices were also noted and attempts to change these were part of the Double V campaign. African-American rights were directly tied to European emancipation.