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A Cartesian plane (named after French mathematician Rene Descartes, who formalized its use in mathematics) is defined by two perpendicular number lines: the x-axis, which is horizontal, and the y-axis, which is vertical.
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The invention of the Cartesian Coordinate System is credited to René Descartes. He revolutionised mathematics by providing the first systematic link between Euclidean geometry and algebra. Thus, the Coordinate Plane is named after him. ("Cartesian" from his last name, Descartes.)
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