Pathogenesis begins with the entry of the bacteria into the body through the nasal passages. (C)
In the alveoli, macrophages phagocytose the bacilli and destroy them. However, if bacterial multiplication continues and the bacillus inhibits the formation of the phagolysosome (D), the bacilli can lyse the macrophages.
Subsequently, the bacilli released during macrophage lysis are disseminated, provoking an inflammatory response (B). Here, if the immune response is mediated by monocytes, it can lead to encapsulation of the bacteria.
Eventually, these encapsulates may break down releasing more bacilli that will be expelled through coughing (A).
Therefore, the answers would be as follows:
C. M. tuberculosis is inhaled through airborne droplets
D. M. tuberculosis prevents phagocytosis through the actions of its mycolic acid and cell wall
B. M. tuberculosis continues growing inside the lungs and damages the tissue
A. M. tuberculosis bacili break out of its tubercule and is expelled through coughing