Final answer:
The atmosphere interacts with the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere which include water, earth's surface, and all life respectively, influencing weather, climate, and geochemical cycles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The atmosphere interacts with various other subsystems on Earth, which include the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The hydrosphere encompasses all water on Earth, and its interaction with the atmosphere is a critical part of the water cycle. Through heating by sunlight, the atmosphere plays a key role in weather and climate, engaging in energy exchange with the oceans and the Earth's surface. The lithosphere is the Earth's solid outer layer, and it interacts with the atmosphere through various geochemical cycles and physical processes like erosion. Lastly, the biosphere—all life on Earth—interacts with the atmosphere in numerous ways, including gas exchange and influencing the planet's albedo or reflectivity. Earth is unique in our solar system for its robust biosphere capable of creating planet-scale change that is visible through atmospheric composition.