Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The physical properties of ruthenium include:
1. Appearance: Ruthenium is a silver-white metal with a shiny luster. It is a member of the platinum group metals (PGMs) and is often found in association with other PGMs.
2. Density: Ruthenium has a high density of about 12.41 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), making it one of the densest elements known.
3. Melting and boiling points: Ruthenium has a high melting point of about 2,334 degrees Celsius (4,233 degrees Fahrenheit) and a boiling point of around 4,927 degrees Celsius (8,861 degrees Fahrenheit). These high temperatures reflect its strong metallic bonds.
4. Hardness: Ruthenium is a relatively hard metal, ranking around 6 on the Mohs hardness scale. This hardness contributes to its durability and resistance to wear.
5. Conductivity: Ruthenium is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. Its high electrical conductivity makes it useful in various applications, including electronics and electrical contacts.
6. Magnetic properties: Ruthenium is a paramagnetic metal, meaning it is weakly attracted to a magnetic field. However, its magnetic properties are not as strong as those of other metals in the platinum group.
7. Chemical reactivity: Ruthenium is a noble metal, which means it is resistant to corrosion and oxidation. It is highly stable in air and does not readily react with most acids or bases. This chemical stability makes it suitable for use in harsh environments and as a catalyst in chemical reactions.
It's important to note that these physical properties may vary slightly depending on the form and purity of ruthenium.