Final answer:
Melanocyte cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis produce melanin, a pigment that protects against UV sunrays. UV exposure increases melanin production, creating a tan as a natural defense mechanism against UV ray damage. This protection, however, must be balanced with the need for vitamin D production, which can be disrupted by excessive melanin.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of cell in the epidermis that produces a pigment protecting the skin from ultraviolet (UV) sunrays is the melanocyte. These cells are found in the stratum basale of the epidermis and produce the pigment known as melanin.
Pigmentation from melanin ranges from black and brown (eumelanin) to red (pheomelanin).
Melanocytes produce more melanin when exposed to UV rays, creating a tanned effect as the melanin builds up in keratinocytes. This process is a natural defense mechanism that shields the DNA of epidermal cells from UV damage, reducing the risk of skin cancer, and protecting the breakdown of folic acid, a vital health nutrient.
However, excessive melanin can disrupt the production of vitamin D, essential for calcium absorption. Therefore, our skin's melanin level is based on a balance between exposure to sunlight (and folic acid destruction), and protection from UV radiation and vitamin D production.
Learn more about Melanocyte Cells