1. Economic Crisis: France faced severe economic problems during this period, including a high national debt, widespread poverty, and food shortages. The existing tax system was highly unequal, burdening the lower classes while exempting the nobility and clergy.
2. Political Unrest: The French monarchy was facing increasing opposition and criticism from the population. The absolute rule of King Louis XVI and the privileged status of the nobility and clergy led to resentment among the common people. Calls for political reform and a fairer distribution of power were growing, setting the stage for the French Revolution.