Answer:
The electrons involved in VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory are:
d. bonding electrons and lone pairs.
Step-by-step explanation:
VSEPR theory considers both the bonding electrons (those involved in covalent bonds) and the lone pairs of electrons around the central atom when predicting the three-dimensional molecular geometry of a molecule. The arrangement of these electrons, along with their repulsions, determines the overall shape of the molecule.