Question

a trial in which the issue is determined by a judge and a jury, usually with 12 members, whose job is to determine facts and make a judgment of guilty or not guilty; protected in the Sixth Amendment

Answer 1

I believe you are looking for the term "jury trial." A jury trial is a trial in which the judge and 12 members of the jury hear evidence, hear arguments from both sides of the case, and then make a verdict of guilty or not guilty. The jury trial is protected in the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which guarantees the right to a trial by jury in criminal cases.