Answer | Explanation: Use the first sentence of each definition.
1. Prokaryote: Prokaryotes are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are typically smaller in size and include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotic cells have their DNA located in a region called the nucleoid, and their internal structure is less complex compared to eukaryotic cells.
2. Eukaryote: Eukaryotes are complex organisms that can be single-celled or multicellular. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus that houses their DNA, along with membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
3. Mitochondria: Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells and are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are responsible for generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are thought to have evolved from symbiotic bacteria.
4. Ribosome: Ribosomes are cellular structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Ribosomes consist of two subunits made up of RNA and proteins.
5. Nucleus: The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and is responsible for controlling cellular activities. The nucleus regulates gene expression, DNA replication, and the synthesis of RNA.
6. Plasma Membrane: The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell. The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and other molecules.
7. Independent Variable: The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher in an experiment. It is the factor that is hypothesized to have an effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is controlled and intentionally varied to observe its impact on the outcome of the experiment.
In an experiment studying the effect of temperature on plant growth, the independent variable would be the temperature. By changing the temperature, the researcher can see how it influences the dependent variable, which in this case is the plant's growth rate. The researcher can test different temperatures to determine the relationship between temperature and plant growth.
8. Dependent Variable: The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is the outcome or response that may change as a result of the independent variable being manipulated. The dependent variable is typically influenced by the independent variable and is used to assess the effects of the experimental conditions.
In the experiment mentioned above, the dependent variable is the plant's growth rate. As the independent variable (temperature) is changed, the researcher measures the plant's growth rate to see how it is affected. The growth rate will vary depending on the temperature, allowing the researcher to determine the relationship between temperature and plant growth.