Answer:
Civilization is characterized by record keeping, writing, specialized labor, government, and religious institutions
Step-by-step explanation:
Civilization refers to a complex society that has advanced beyond a simple agricultural or hunter-gatherer existence. It is marked by various characteristics that distinguish it from earlier forms of human societies.
1. Record keeping: Civilizations develop systems of writing and documentation to record important information, such as laws, historical events, and economic transactions. This allows for the preservation and transmission of knowledge across generations.
2. Writing: The development of writing systems is a key characteristic of civilization. Writing allows for the communication of ideas, the dissemination of information, and the development of literature and art. Examples of early writing systems include cuneiform in Mesopotamia and hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.
3. Specialized labor: In civilizations, people begin to specialize in specific occupations or trades. This division of labor leads to the development of various professions, such as farmers, artisans, priests, merchants, and rulers. Specialization allows for the efficient production of goods and services.
4. Government: Civilizations have organized systems of government that establish and enforce laws, maintain order, and provide leadership. These governments can take various forms, such as monarchies, democracies, or oligarchies. They play a crucial role in maintaining social stability and providing public services.