Secondary succession occurs on (O) Bare rock.
Secondary succession refers to the process of ecological succession that occurs in an area that has been previously inhabited but has experienced disturbance or damage, such as a wildfire, landslide, or volcanic eruption. In this case, the disturbance has caused the area to become barren, with bare rock exposed.
During secondary succession, pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses, colonize the bare rock. These organisms are well-suited to harsh conditions and can survive with limited nutrients and soil. Over time, as these pioneer species establish themselves, they begin to break down the rock and create organic matter. This process leads to the development of soil, making it possible for other plant species to colonize the area.
As the process of secondary succession continues, more complex plant species, such as shrubs and trees, start to grow. Eventually, a diverse and stable community, known as a climax community, is established. However, it is important to note that the question specifically asks about the landscape where secondary succession occurs, and the correct answer is (O) Bare rock, which represents the initial stage of the secondary succession process.