Answer:
The correct order of the four basic molecular processes in a cell, with three of them leading to the production of protein, is C. transcription, RNA processing, translation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of trancribing a gene's DNA sequence into a complementary RNA molecule is known as transcription. Eukaryotic cells' nuclei go through this procedure, while prokaryotic cells' cytoplasm does. In order to create a single-stranded RNA molecule during transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, a particular area of the DNA, while using one of the DNA strands as a template. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the name of the resultant RNA molecule.
In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA molecule goes through RNA processing after transcription. To make sure that the mRNA is developed and prepared for translation, this process entails a number of alterations. Three key changes are made to the parent transcript, or pre-mRNA: 5' capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. A modified guanine nucleotide called a 5' cap is added to the 5' end of an mRNA molecule to prevent it from being degraded and to aid in ribosome recognition during translation. At the 3' end of the mRNA molecule, polyadenylation entails the insertion of a poly-A tail made up of many adenine nucleotides. Additionally improving stability and ribosome recognition is this change. Introns, which are non-coding parts of the pre-mRNA molecule, are cut off during splicing, while exons, which are coding areas, are joined. An mRNA molecule that only has the coding sequences required for protein synthesis is produced as a result of this process.
After transcription and RNA processing, translation takes place. Ribosomes use the process of translation to decode the information contained by mRNA and create proteins.Codons are sets of three nucleotides that are read by ribosomes as they bind to the mRNA molecule. Each codon is associated with either a particular amino acid or a stop signal. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that transport the corresponding amino acids attach to the ribosome and deliver the amino acids in the proper order specified by the mRNA sequence. A polypeptide chain is created through the creation of peptide bonds between neighbouring amino acids, which is catalysed by the ribosome. Up until a stop codon, which indicates the end of protein synthesis, this process goes on.