Answer:
The situation in which the indicated force does positive work is when the carpenter drives a stubborn nail into the wall using a hammer.
Positive work occurs when the force applied to an object is in the same direction as the displacement of the object. In this scenario, as the carpenter exerts a force on the hammer, pushing it into the wall, the hammer moves in the same direction as the force applied. The force applied by the carpenter on the hammer does positive work because both the force and the displacement of the hammer are in the same direction.
On the other hand, the situation in which the indicated force does negative work is when a baseball player slides into the third base and experiences friction.
Negative work occurs when the force applied to an object is in the opposite direction of the displacement. In this case, as the baseball player slides into the third base, the force of friction acts in the opposite direction to the player's motion. Friction opposes the player's motion, causing a decrease in speed and eventually bringing the player to a stop. The force of friction does negative work because it acts in the opposite direction of the player's motion, resulting in a negative value for the work done.
It is important to note that in both situations, work is being done. However, the sign of the work (positive or negative) depends on the alignment between the force and the displacement. When the force and displacement are in the same direction, positive work is done. When they are in opposite directions, negative work is done. If the force and displacement are perpendicular to each other, then the work done is zero.