1. ➡ A telescope with a 40-inch primary lens will have a greater light-gathering power compared to one with a 20-inch lens. This means the larger telescope can collect more light, enabling it to detect fainter objects and provide more detailed observations. However, the limitations of ground-based telescopes include atmospheric interference and limited wavelength coverage. Space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, overcome these limitations, capturing data across the electromagnetic spectrum. Different wavelengths reveal unique information about celestial objects. For instance, radio waves help measure distances through the concept of redshift, contributing to the cosmic distance ladder—a series of methods to determine distances. One method involves measuring the redshift of galaxies, which helps establish the relationship between distance and velocity. This ties into the cosmic distance ladder as astronomers use various techniques to progressively measure distances to objects in the universe.
2. ➡ The principles of science, including facts, laws, and theories, contribute to the universality of outcomes in investigations worldwide. Facts represent observable and verifiable information. Laws describe patterns and relationships consistently observed in nature. Theories provide explanations for observed phenomena based on accumulated evidence. When investigations yield the same outcomes globally, it's due to the universal nature of natural laws and theories that hold true regardless of location, culture, or language.
3. ➡ One discipline that can be considered a pseudoscience is "parapsychology," which explores topics like extrasensory perception and psychic abilities. Parapsychology lacks empirical evidence and rigorous testing, making its claims difficult to test or verify objectively. Astronomy and astrology are distinct: Astronomy is a science focused on studying celestial objects and phenomena, while astrology attempts to predict human behavior based on the positions of celestial bodies. Historically, both were intertwined due to limited understanding, but they separated as astronomy adopted scientific methods while astrology retained its speculative nature.
4. ➡ A scientific question might be: "What causes gravitational attraction between objects?" This can be answered through experimentation and observation. A philosophical question could be: "What is the nature of consciousness?" This involves subjective introspection and might not have empirical answers, relying on philosophical exploration.
5. ➡ Safety and recycling are important in astronomy despite non-traditional lab settings due to environmental considerations and equipment hazards. Telescopes often use hazardous materials, and their operation can impact natural surroundings. Recycling reduces waste and resource consumption. Even remote observatories must follow safety protocols. For example, radio telescopes emit electromagnetic radiation that can interfere with communication systems if not properly managed. Safety practices and responsible resource management contribute to ethical and sustainable scientific endeavors.
Hope it's helpful! ^_^