Question

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. How do these molecules differ from each other?

Select one:
A. Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. B. Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. C. Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.
D. Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.

Answer 1

Testosterone and estradiol differ by having different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton, reflecting their distinct biological roles in male and female vertebrates, respectively.

Step-by-step explanation:

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, which differ from each other in their structure. The correct answer to how these molecules differ from each other is D. Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. While they share a similar backbone due to their derivation from cholesterol, the variations in their functional groups give them different biological roles and activities in the body. Testosterone, an androgen, primarily influences male characteristics and reproductive functions, whereas estradiol, an estrogen, primarily influences female characteristics and reproductive functions.