To calculate the number of bits required for the cache, we can use the following formula:
Number of bits = Cache data size / (Cache block size x Word size)
Plugging in the values, we get:
Number of bits = 32 KiB / (2 x 4 bytes) = 4096 bits
To find the total size of the closest direct-mapped cache with 16-word blocks of equal size or greater, we can use the following formula:
Total size = (Number of blocks) x (Block size)
Since the cache in the first part had 32 KiB of data, we can calculate the number of blocks as follows:
Number of blocks = Cache data size / Cache block size = 32 KiB / 2 words = 16,384 blocks
Therefore, the total size of the closest direct-mapped cache with 16-word blocks or greater would be:
Total size = 16,384 blocks x 16 words = 262,144 words
The second cache might provide slower performance than the first cache because it has a larger block size. A larger block size can lead to an increased number of cache misses, which can slow down the system. Additionally, the second cache has a larger data size, which can lead to longer access times.