In this excerpt, what is the effect of the phrases "so fresh, so bright, so cheerily green, and all so low and calm and silent …"?
 a
 They create repetition to lull the reader into a relaxed atmosphere.
 b
 They emphasize the author's intense fascination with the thunderstorm.
 c
 They produce a vivid image of the Echinopanax horridum for the reader.
 d
 They contribute to the upbeat rhythm and sense of awe in the passage.
 e
 They add to the scientific details included earlier in the passage.