The density of mercury can be calculated using the formula:
Density = (mass of mercury) / (volume of mercury)
To calculate the volume of the mercury, we need to subtract the volume of the bottle from the volume of the bottle filled with mercury.
Volume of bottle = Volume of bottle filled with mercury - Volume of mercury
Let's assume that the volume of the bottle filled with mercury is V1 and the volume of the bottle is V2. We can then write:
Density of mercury = (mass of mercury) / (V1 - V2)
Given that the mass of the empty bottle is 20g, we can calculate the mass of the mercury as follows:
Mass of mercury = (mass of bottle filled with mercury) - (mass of empty bottle)
= 360g - 20g
= 340g
The mass of the bottle filled with water is 45g. Therefore, the mass of the mercury in the bottle is:
Mass of mercury = 360g - 45g = 315g
Let's assume that the density of the bottle is negligible. We can then calculate the volume of the mercury as follows:
Volume of mercury = (mass of mercury) / (density of mercury)
Substituting the values we have:
315g / (density of mercury) = (V1 - V2)
We know that the mass of the water in the bottle is 45g, which means that the mass of the mercury is (360g - 45g) = 315g. Therefore, the volume of the mercury is equal to the volume of the water. We can then write:
Volume of mercury = Volume of water = (mass of water) / (density of water)
The density of water is 1 g/cm³. Substituting the values we have:
315g / (density of mercury) = 45g / 1 g/cm³
Solving for the density of mercury, we get:
Density of mercury = (315g * 1 g/cm³) / 45g
= 7 g/cm³
Therefore, the density of mercury is 7 g/cm³.
The order in which the readings will be taken is as follows:
1. Mass of empty bottle
2. Mass of bottle filled with mercury
3. Mass of bottle filled with water (or the mass of the bottle filled with mercury and the mass of the empty bottle, from which we can calculate the mass of the mercury)
4. Volume
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