Answer: The Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong, won the Chinese Civil War in 1949 by defeating the Nationalist Party, led by Chiang Kai-shek. The Communists had a number of advantages, including a more effective military strategy, popular support among peasants, and the ability to mobilize large numbers of troops. Additionally, the Nationalists were weakened by corruption, internal divisions, and economic problems. The Communists were able to establish the People's Republic of China, with Mao as its leader, and the Nationalists fled to Taiwan.