Answer:
The correct answer is A. Albedo.
Albedo is a measure of the reflectiveness of a surface. It is defined as the ratio of the amount of solar radiation reflected by a surface to the amount of solar radiation incident on it. Albedo is a dimensionless quantity, and it is usually expressed as a percentage.
The albedo of a surface depends on its color, texture, and composition. Dark surfaces have low albedos, while light surfaces have high albedos. Smooth surfaces have higher albedos than rough surfaces.
The albedo of the Earth is about 30%. This means that about 30% of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth is reflected back into space. The remaining 70% is absorbed by the Earth's surface and atmosphere.
The albedo of a surface can be changed by human activities. For example, deforestation can increase the albedo of a region, because it removes the trees that absorb solar radiation. This can lead to an increase in the Earth's temperature, because more solar radiation is reflected back into space.
Albedo is an important factor in the Earth's climate. It is one of the factors that determines how much solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface and atmosphere. This, in turn, affects the Earth's temperature.