Final answer:
A monarchy is a government system led by a hereditary or lifelong leader known as a monarch. Monarchies come in two main forms, absolute and constitutional, where the monarch's power ranges from total to largely ceremonial.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government where a single individual, known as a monarch, embodies the country's national identity and its head of state, typically for life or until abdication. The monarch's power can either be absolute or largely ceremonial.
Absolute Monarchies
In an absolute monarchy, the monarch holds complete authority and is not restrained by any other institutional checks or balances. This system allows the monarch to enact laws, levy taxes, administer justice, control foreign policy, and govern with almost unchecked power.
Constitutional Monarchies
By contrast, a constitutional monarchy limits the monarch's power through established laws or a constitution. In these systems, political power often resides with elected officials, and the monarch serves as a ceremonial figurehead.
Throughout history, monarchies have been justified by concepts like the divine right of kings, where the monarch's right to rule is conferred by a higher power. However, in modern times, many monarchies exist as traditional institutions with power inherited through succession.