Question

a horizontal pipe carries a smoothly flowing liquid of density of 1170 kg/m3 . at locations 1 and 2 along the pipe, the diameters are 1=5.81 cm and 2=2.45 cm , respectively.

Answer 1

The questions provided revolve around fluid dynamics concepts, mainly dealing with laminar flow, Reynolds numbers, and pressure calculations for various scenarios involving liquid flow in pipes.

Step-by-step explanation:

The subject matter discussed in the question pertains to the principles of fluid dynamics in Physics, specifically concepts such as laminar flow, pressure, continuity equation, Reynolds number, and viscosity. The calculation of flow rates, speed of the fluid, and pressure differences are typical of high school or introductory college-level physics courses. The student is expected to apply these principles to solve problems related to the flow of liquids in pipes.

For example, the problem that mentions laminar flow and the calculation of pressure at the entrance of a vertical pipe involves the use of Bernoulli's principle and hydrostatic pressure, given the density and viscosity of the oil. Similarly, verifying if the flow of oil is laminar through the use of the Reynolds number involves understanding the criteria for laminar versus turbulent flow.

Answer 2

The subject matter pertains to high school-level physics, focusing on fluid dynamics problems including flow rates, pressure, and viscosity in various scenarios.

Step-by-step explanation:

The questions provided focus on fluid dynamics within the field of physics, specifically concepts such as the continuity equation, Reynolds number, and viscous flow in pipes. These concepts are integral to understanding how fluids behave in different scenarios, including flow rates, pressures, and changes in cross-sectional areas of pipes.

To solve these problems, we would apply principles like Bernoulli's equation for the conservation of energy in fluid flow, the continuity equation for the conservation of mass, and the formula for Reynolds number to determine the flow regime (laminar or turbulent). We calculate flow rates from given velocities and cross-sectional areas, and we could use the Hagen-Poiseuille equation to find the flow resistance in certain scenarios.

For the question on concrete being pumped through a hose, one would calculate the resistance of the hose using the given flow rate and pressure, determine the viscosity assuming laminar flow, and calculate the power supplied by the pump using the flow rate and pressure. Such problems are typically encountered in high school and college-level physics courses.