Question

How are proteins made inside cells? (Protein synthesis)

Answer 1

Protein synthesis, the process by which cells build proteins, involves two main steps: transcription and translation.

During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The mRNA carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where the actual protein synthesis takes place.

During translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, which use the genetic code to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids into a protein molecule. Each set of three nucleotides on the mRNA, called a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid. The ribosome reads each codon in order and brings in the corresponding amino acid to add to the growing protein chain until a stop codon is reached, at which point the protein is released.

After protein synthesis is complete, the newly synthesized protein may undergo additional modifications or folding before it is functional.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

Answer: In order for a cell to manufacture these proteins, specific genes within its DNA must first be transcribed into molecules of mRNA; then, these transcripts must be translated into chains of amino acids, which later fold into fully functional proteins.