Answer:
The term that refers to a component of the braking system for many automobiles, a type of brake for bicycles, and a measuring instrument is "caliper."
In automobiles, a caliper is part of the disc brake system and is responsible for squeezing the brake pads against the rotor to slow or stop the vehicle. In bicycles, a caliper brake is a type of rim brake that uses two arms to squeeze brake pads against the rim to slow or stop the bike. A caliper can also refer to a measuring instrument used to measure the distance between two points or the thickness of an object