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irrational number, any real number that cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers—that is, p/q, where p and q are both integers. For example, there is no number among integers and fractions that equals Square root of√2. A counterpart problem in measurement would be to find the length of the diagonal of a square whose side is one unit long; there is no subdivision of the unit length that will divide evenly into the length of the diagonal