Final answer:
The most likely condition that would inhibit shoulder abduction is known as adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder, which results from the formation of scar tissue that restricts shoulder movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
An inability to lift (abduct) the shoulder is most compatible with a condition known as adhesive capsulitis, commonly referred to as frozen shoulder. This condition involves the formation of scar tissue between the articular capsule and surrounding structures, resulting in reduced shoulder mobility.
The shoulder's range of motion is comprised of several movements, including abduction, which is the motion that moves the upper limb laterally away from the body.
Abduction is primarily facilitated by the deltoid muscle, supported by the rotator cuff. An injury to these muscles, or the occurrence of adhesive capsulitis, would significantly impair the ability to abduct the shoulder.