Final answer:
The process of obtaining approval for a genetically engineered plant can take around 9 years. Option D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of early research activities to obtaining approval for marketing a genetically engineered plant can take approximately 9 years.
In the five-year period from 1983-1987, 16 new antimicrobial drugs were approved by the FDA, compared to just two from 2008-2012, which shows that the approval process can take several years.
In recent decades, GMOs have been in wide use, and many of the problems that were initially cited have not appeared, making GMOs one of the more benign techniques to generate variability. So Option D.