Final answer:
The tragic incident involving tetanus-contaminated serum resulted in the Biologics Control Act of 1902, which mandated the licensing and inspection of manufacturers of biological products.
Step-by-step explanation:
The death of children from tetanus-contaminated serum from a horse that was used to produce a diphtheria antitoxin led to the enactment of the Biologics Control Act of 1902. This act required manufacturers to be licensed and inspected, establishing federal authority over the regulation of biological products.
It was one of the earliest attempts to ensure the safety and efficacy of biological products and served as a predecessor to later, more comprehensive laws that would govern the regulation of foods, drugs, and cosmetics.