Final answer:
During the early national period, the federal government established a strong central role, often arbitrating power struggles with the states through the Supreme Court, and promoting national supremacy while acknowledging state sovereignty within constitutional bounds.
Step-by-step explanation:
The role of the federal government during the early national period was a pivotal issue, as the United States was forging its identity and operational framework. The period from 1789 to the 1860s saw the rise of the Federalist Era, as well as the inception of dual federalism and debates surrounding the balance of power between the national government and the states.
During George Washington's presidency, the federal government adopted policies that favored a strong central government, which sometimes led to resistance from states that desired to maintain their sovereignty and control.
Throughout this era, following the ratification of the Constitution, the Supreme Court played a significant role in mediating disputes between the federal and state governments, thus shaping the jurisdictional boundaries.
The concept of national supremacy became prevalent during this period, restricting states from encroaching on national powers while still acknowledging the states' constitutional authority.