Final answer:
To explain the formation of our solar system, a theory must address motion constraints (consistent orbital patterns), chemical constraints (distribution of elements), and age constraints (the solar system being 4.5 billion years old), all of which are compatible with the solar nebula hypothesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Theoretical Constraints for Solar System Formation
Any theory of solar system formation must explain several critical aspects to be considered viable. These aspects can be grouped under motion constraints, chemical constraints, and age constraints. Let's explore each constraint.
Motion Constraints
The motion constraints refer to the observed patterns of movement within the solar system. Notably, most planets move in nearly circular orbits in the same plane, called the ecliptic plane, and they all orbit in the same direction around the Sun. A formation theory must account for this consistent orbital direction and alignment.
Chemical Constraints
The chemical constraints relate to the composition of the solar system's planets and other bodies. They hold that the distribution of various elements and compounds, such as hydrogen, helium, and heavier elements, must be consistent with the theory's proposed processes of solar system formation.
Age Constraints
The age constraints demand that a formation theory align with the solar system's age, which is approximately 4.5 billion years old. This determination is made based on radiometric dating of meteorites, which are thought to be remnants from the early solar system.
These constraints are supported by the model that suggests the solar system formed from a solar nebula, a rotating cloud of vapor and dust, which underwent collapse and subsequent accretion of materials into the Sun, planets, and other bodies.