Final answer:
The New Deal under President Franklin D. Roosevelt established programs like the WPA and the SSA to help the poor during the Great Depression, marking a significant shift in the federal government's role.
Step-by-step explanation:
The programs that established new federal government agencies in the United States to help the poor during the Great Depression were part of the New Deal, implemented under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
These groundbreaking programs aimed to provide relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat of the Depression.
Major programs included the Works Progress Administration (WPA), providing jobs for unemployed workers, and the Social Security Administration (SSA), offering aid to the elderly and disadvantaged.
Before the federal interventions, state governments, private charities, and religious organizations struggled to meet the colossal needs of those affected by the Depression.
President Hoover attempted to address the crisis through organizations such as the President's Emergency Committee for Employment (PECE) and the President's Organization of Unemployment Relief (POUR), but these efforts were insufficient in facing the widespread poverty and unemployment.
The New Deal marked a pivotal shift in the role of the U.S. federal government in providing a social safety net and addressing economic crises.