Final answer:
The ground fault interrupter (GFI), isolation transformer, and three-wire system are some of the best safeguards against differential power in electrical systems. Additionally, using smooth and large radius conductors for high-voltage lines help prevent charge leakage.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the best safeguards against differential power in an electrical system is the use of a ground fault interrupter (GFI). A GFI is designed to prevent shock by rapidly cutting off the power whenever it detects that electrical current is flowing along an unintended path, such as through water or a person, which could lead to injury or fatal electric shock.
Another important safeguard is the isolation transformer. This device works by creating a separation between the power source and the device being used, which can prevent electrical shock. Additionally, implementing a three-wire system is crucial for ensuring safety. This system consists of live/hot, neutral, and earth/ground wires, with the neutral wire and appliance case properly grounded to protect against both thermal and shock hazards.
Furthermore, using conductors with smooth surfaces and a large radius of curvature helps prevent charge leakage into the air, which is particularly important in high-voltage transmission lines. Moreover, devices like circuit breakers and fuses are used to interrupt excessive currents, which can cause thermal hazards.