Final answer:
Axis II of the DSM-IV refers to Personality Disorders (Option B).
Step-by-step explanation:
Axis II of the DSM-IV refers to Personality Disorders as well as Mental Ret*rdation. Personality Disorders are described as an enduring and inflexible pattern of long duration leading to significant distress or impairment. These are characterized by thought patterns and behaviors that are deeply ingrained, inflexible, and manifest across many situations, leading to distress in personal, social, and/or occupational situations.
Unlike mood disorders, which include depression and bipolar disorder and are classified under Axis I, personality disorders under Axis II are seen as enduring aspects of an individual's personality and are not diagnosed as episodes but rather as long-term patterns.
It is important to distinguish Axis II personality disorders from other mental health conditions. For instance, Anxiety Disorders and Mood Disorders are classified under Axis I, the domain which includes most mental disorders not associated with intellectual disabilities or personality disorders. Disorders such as Schizophrenia and General Medical Conditions are also found in separate categories within the DSM-IV.
Thus, the correct option is B.