Final answer:
Children entering their elementary school years are in Erik Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority, where they develop a sense of accomplishment or feelings of inferiority by comparing themselves to their peers. Positive outcomes are fostered by encouragement and opportunities for success provided by parents and teachers. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
As children begin their elementary school years, they enter Erik Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority. This is the developmental stage that typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11.
In this stage, children start to compare themselves with their peers and develop either a sense of pride and accomplishment in their endeavors or feelings of inferiority when they perceive that they don't measure up.
Achieving a positive outcome in this stage leads to a belief in one's own abilities, whereas not faring well can result in doubts about oneself and a potential loss of motivation.
Parents and teachers can foster a child's sense of industry by providing encouragement and opportunities for success. Positive reinforcement for a child's efforts and accomplishments can contribute greatly to their self-confidence and a strong sense of competence. The correct option is D.