Final answer:
IFN-gamma initiates isotype switching to IgG, contributing to a Th1-type immune response, with cytokine SNPs affecting cytokine levels and immune efficacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cytokine IFN-gamma is known for its role in isotype switching within the human immune system. Isotype switching refers to the process by which a B cell changes the class, or isotype, of antibody it produces.
IFN-gamma acts as a potent inducer for switching to immunoglobulin G (IgG), which is an isotype known for its ability to effectively deal with intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The presence of IFN-gamma during an immune response suggests that the immune system is orchestrating a shift to a more Th1-type immune response, which is characteristic of its role in fighting certain types of infections and in autoimmune responses.
Cytokine SNPs can influence the level of cytokine production, such as IFN-gamma, and may therefore have an impact on the effectiveness of an individual's immune response.
These genetic variations are important as they contribute to differences in the immune responses across various human populations, which can influence susceptibility to diseases and their outcomes.