Final answer:
A notary signing agent can answer factual questions about document notarization but cannot give legal advice. During police interrogations, the Fifth Amendment requires that individuals be informed of their right to counsel and protection against self-incrimination. The rights to an attorney, a jury trial, protections against cruel and unusual punishment, and unreasonable searches and seizures are covered under the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Second, and Fourth Amendments, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
A notary signing agent can answer questions related to the documents they are notarizing but must avoid giving legal advice unless they are qualified attorneys. In a job interview, questions related to qualifications and skills, such as attending a university or possessing certain licenses, are typically permissible. However, questions regarding personal information that could lead to discrimination, such as the state of one's birth, may be considered illegal under federal law, as they have no bearing on a candidate's ability to perform the job and may be used to discriminate based on national origin.
Matters involving police questioning, the right to counsel, and protection against self-incrimination fall under the Fifth Amendment. The landmark ruling in Miranda v. Arizona requires that individuals be informed of their rights prior to custodial interrogation to ensure the protection of the accused against involuntary self-incrimination and their right to legal counsel.
When it comes to the right to an attorney, the Sixth Amendment guarantees that each person has the right to legal representation regardless of the crime's severity, and it would be unconstitutional as established in the case of Gideon v. Wainwright. Similarly, with the right to a jury trial, which falls under the Seventh Amendment, people are entitled to this right in civil cases where the amount exceeds a certain threshold. The Eighth Amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment, which would prevent the imposition of dismemberment for shoplifting. The Second and Fourth Amendments provide protections regarding the right to bear arms and against unreasonable searches and seizures, respectively. As such, law enforcement would need clear evidence or a warrant to confiscate someone's personal firearms.