Final answer:
Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. London is the capital of the UK, while Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland. The governance difference between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland has been historically significant due to cultural diversity and heritage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast, which is also the largest city in Northern Ireland. Belfast is a significant urban center known for its cultural and political history. As part of the United Kingdom (UK), Northern Ireland shares its sovereignty with other regions including England, Scotland, and Wales.
The city of London serves as the capital and primate city of the UK, which is also known as a global financial center. In contrast, the Republic of Ireland, which is separate from the UK, has its own capital, which is Dublin.
The difference in governance between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland has been a source of historical conflict and cultural issues, especially pertaining to the diverse heritage of its population, with many of Northern Irish descendants having Scottish or English roots, while others are of Irish descent.