Final answer:
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid, is commonly used in acidizing sandstones for oil and gas extraction due to its ability to dissolve minerals effectively and its cost-effectiveness. It is crucial to use this acid in a diluted form for safety and to maintain the integrity of the well structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
In acidizing sandstones to improve permeability for oil and gas extraction, a common acid that is frequently used is hydrochloric acid (HCl). This mineral acid, also referred to as muriatic acid, is a preferred choice due to its effectiveness in dissolving minerals and deposits within the sandstone formations. While hydrochloric acid is inexpensive and versatile in various industries, it is specifically important in the oil industry for well stimulation and removing blockages from reservoirs. It is essential to dilute the acid correctly before use to ensure safety and to preserve the integrity of the well structure.
Additionally, hydrochloric acid plays a vital role in the manufacture of products such as metal chlorides and in applications like cleaning concrete and masonry. Its ability to remove oxide coatings from metals makes it useful in surface treatments and various industrial processes. Sulfuric acid is another strong mineral acid used in industry, but it is not typically the acid of choice for sandstone acidizing.