What are some of the causes and consequences of racial disparities in the U.S. legal and criminal justice systems?
A) Some of the causes are historical discrimination, structural inequality, implicit bias, and explicit bias. Some of the consequences are social injustice, economic hardship, psychological distress, and political disenfranchisement.
B) Some of the causes are genetic differences, cultural diversity, individual choices, and personal responsibility. Some of the consequences are natural selection, social cohesion, moral autonomy, and civic engagement.
C) Some of the causes are legal loopholes, procedural errors, evidentiary flaws, and judicial discretion. Some of the consequences are legal uncertainty, procedural inefficiency, evidentiary unreliability, and judicial inconsistency.
D) None of the above.