Final answer:
The neural substrates involved in face processing, biological motion, self-referential processing, reading others' attentional deployment, and moral judgments include the fusiform face area (FFA), superior temporal sulcus (STS), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC).
Step-by-step explanation:
Face processing: Face processing involves the activation of multiple neural substrates including the fusiform face area (FFA) and superior temporal sulcus (STS). The FFA is specialized in processing facial features and is responsible for facial recognition, while the STS is involved in processing facial expressions and social cues.
Biological motion: The perception of biological motion activates the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), which is specialized in processing human movement. This area helps us recognize and interpret the actions and intentions of others. Self-referential processing: Self-referential processing is primarily associated with the activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These brain regions are involved in self-reflection, introspection, and self-related thoughts and judgments. Reading others' attentional deployment: Reading others’ attentional deployment involves the activation of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). These regions help us understand and interpret the attentional focus of others. Moral judgments: Moral judgments engage multiple neural substrates including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These regions are involved in ethical decision-making, evaluating moral dilemmas, and considering the consequences of actions.