Question

What is the primary method of preventing and controlling the incidence of bacterial meningitis in infants and children?

1) keeping infants and young children away from crowded places
2) administering antimeningitis vaccines during outbreaks
3) immediately isolating all children suspected of having meningitis
4) routinely giving infants H. flu vaccine

Answer 1

The primary method of preventing and controlling bacterial meningitis in infants and children is through vaccinations, specifically the Hib vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b, and vaccinations for Neisseria meningitidis to prevent meningococcal meningitis.

Step-by-step explanation:

Prevention and Control of Bacterial Meningitis in Infants and Children

The primary method of preventing and controlling the incidence of bacterial meningitis, especially caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), in infants and children is through vaccination. The Hib vaccine is a critical tool in protecting children from this type of meningitis. It is recommended that all children receive the Hib vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, with a booster dose at 12 to 15 months of age to ensure adequate immunity.

For Neisseria meningitidis, which can cause meningococcal meningitis, preventive vaccination is also the best means of protection. Vaccinations are recommended for children at 11 and 12 years of age with a booster at age 16, as well as for individuals in group settings or who are traveling to high-risk areas known as the meningitis belt in Africa.

By vaccinating infants and children against these bacteria, we not only protect them from potentially serious infections but also contribute to herd immunity, which helps protect those who are not vaccinated. Vaccination is far more effective than methods like avoiding crowded places or isolation, which are not sustainable long-term strategies for disease prevention.