Final answer:
The most effective instrumental conditioning is usually achieved through a variable ratio reinforcement schedule, which is unpredictable and yields high and steady response rates with a slow extinction rate. It is more effective and resistant to extinction compared to fixed interval, fixed ratio, and continuous reinforcement schedules.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most effective instrumental conditioning scenario among the options listed will likely be a variable ratio reinforcement schedule. Research shows that this schedule is the most powerful and productive because it yields high, steady response rates and is most resistant to extinction. For example, slot machines operate on this principle, providing unpredictable rewards and maintaining a high level of engagement from the gamblers. Unlike a fixed interval reinforcement schedule, where a set amount of time must pass before a behavior is rewarded, or a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule, where a certain number of responses are required before a reward is given, the variable ratio schedule keeps the subject guessing, enhancing the motivational pull of the reinforcement.
While continuous reinforcement is effective for establishing new behaviors rapidly by providing reinforcement each time the behavior occurs, it is not as resistant to extinction once the reinforcement ceases. Therefore, for long-term effectiveness and resistance to extinction, a variable ratio reinforcement schedule is superior.