Final answer:
The Pentagon's Human Terrain System program embedded anthropologists within military teams in Iraq and Afghanistan to provide cultural insights during the conflicts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The program referred to in the question is the Pentagon's Human Terrain System program, which embedded anthropologists and other social scientists in military teams in Iraq and Afghanistan. Its purpose was to improve the military's ability to understand the social and cultural elements in these regions during the conflicts that the United States was involved in. The Human Terrain System sought to devise strategies and operations that were informed by cultural knowledge, in the hopes of reducing conflict and improving relations with local populations. However, this program also sparked major ethical debates concerning the role of social scientists in military operations.