Final answer:
Chiefdom societies are marked by social divisions and the concentration of various forms of power in the chief, evidenced by elaborate burials, monumental constructions like mounds, and prestige goods. The Mississippian mounds and the burial disparities in Neolithic China are key examples, along with large trading networks in the Eastern Woodlands.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sites occupied by chiefdom societies often contain remains that reveal social divisions and concentration of wealth and power. These societies, found around the globe, are characterized by the fusing of economic, political, religious, and military power in the position of the chief. Archaeologists and cultural anthropologists find evidence in the form of elaborate burial sites, monumental architecture, and the accumulation of prestige goods.
For example, the Mississippian culture in North America was known for their extensive mound-building, which served as elite burials, residences for the chief and his family, and centers of worship. These mounds were often found in the largest and most important towns within the chiefdoms. Similarly, in the Yellow River area of Neolithic China, social hierarchy began to appear with burials indicating varying levels of power and prestige among community members. In Europe and other parts of the world, the presence of items like iron and armor in the burial sites of chiefs signifies their status and the importance of displaying wealth for the sake of power.
Furthermore, the spread of agricultural communities in the Eastern Woodlands of North America and the emergence of large, settled communities with common cultural traits point to a shift towards more structured and stratified societies. These chiefdoms maintained large trading networks, as evidenced by the distribution of artifacts and consistent architectural and artistic styles throughout various settlements.