Final answer:
VO2 max differences between sexes are attributed to hormonal differences, muscle mass variations, and genetic predisposition, with men typically having higher values due to greater muscle mass and higher basal metabolic rate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reasons for VO2 max differences between sexes include hormonal differences, muscle mass variations, and genetic predisposition. Men typically have a greater muscle mass and a lower body fat percentage, contributing to a higher VO2 max. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is also pertinent, as it tends to be higher in men. Moreover, genetic factors contribute significantly to individual responses to exercise. These can dictate the proportion of slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers, influencing one's ability to sustain aerobic activities and develop muscle strength, respectively. Hormonal activities also influence VO2 max levels, as they affect muscle development and fat distribution, thus impacting overall physical fitness and cardiac capacity.